At around 3.5% of national income, borrowing of £100bn is high in historical terms.In the 60 years before the financial crisis, borrowing averaged 1.9% of national incomeGovernment subsidies for households, public bodies and private firms that will cap energy prices, will increase borrowing by hundreds of billions of pounds over the next two years, although fluctuating wholesale prices mean the exact cost is hard to estimate. However, that borrowing could be justified because it was temporary, the IFS said.
