Installing solar panels can be a benefit for your wallet, your home’s value and the environment. Plus, big federal incentives make going solar more attractive than ever. A solar system is a big purchase, and with tens of thousands of dollars on the line, you don’t want to take this decision lightly.
Once you’ve done your research, read reviews and asked friends and neighbors for recommendations, it’s time to find an installer. Knowing what to ask solar companies in your area can save you thousands of dollars over the life of your panels and help your installation go smoothly.
Here are 15 questions to ask solar installers to ensure you’re making the right choice.
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1. How long have you been in business?
The solar industry’s recent boom means that more companies than ever are getting in on the action. That’s generally a good thing, but not all of them are experienced installers or even legitimate businesses.
“Sometimes these installation companies are fly-by-night. They open one month and close the next,” said Jani Hale, help desk manager with Solar United Neighbors, a nonprofit that helps consumers go solar by forming residential co-ops and providing educational support. Ideally, an installer will have been in business for three years or more.
2. What are your company’s certifications?
Online reviews for solar installers are a great start, but they’re not as reliable as an industry certification. The National American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners (NABCEP) sets standards for knowledge, experience and professionalism in the renewable energy sector. “We recommend that at least one person in that company be NABCEP certified to ensure that they have the appropriate knowledge and skills,” Hale said.
Additional certifications can tell you more about a company’s labor practices and environmental standards. B Corp-certified companies are required to meet certain social and environmental standards in their operations, including fair labor practices and wages. “If installers are getting a fair wage, they’re going to be much more likely to do a quality installation,” said Micah Gold-Markel, who founded Philadelphia-based installer Solar States in 2008.
Make sure you know who’s actually going to be doing the work of putting solar panels on your house before you sign on the dotted line.
8. What’s your timeline for installation?
You’ll want to discuss a rough project timeline with any solar installer you’re considering — both in terms of when work will begin and how long it will take to get your solar installation up and running. Hale noted that’s a question a reputable installer should be asking you.
“Installers should ask what your timeframe is for getting your system installed, so they can give you the room to do your research,” she said. “The really good installers will wait for you to come back to them.”
9. What kinds of maintenance packages or warranties are available?
Gold-Markel recommends inquiring about extended warranties or operations and maintenance packages that cover the entire life of the system, which is typically around 25 years. “Ask if you can also get an operations and maintenance package, an extended warranty that covers the lifespan of the solar or a longer warranty for the workmanship than may come with the contract,” he said.
10. Are there fees associated with financing my system, and who’s providing the financing?
Due to high interest rates, financing your solar installation is a less attractive option than it was a few years ago. If you are considering financing, Gold-Markel said, be sure to inquire about any hidden fees that may be a part of the agreement. It’s also important to look into the institution offering the loan, which may be a third party, and read the terms closely to understand what happens if you default.
11. What is the cost of my solar system in dollars per watt?
Homeowners tend to focus on the total cost to install solar or the cost per panel. Be sure to compare the cost in dollars per watt when comparing solar installers, Hale said. Two solar systems may have a similar overall cost, but the wattage generated can differ based on panel size and capacity. The system with the lower cost per watt is the better deal.
12. How much consumption is my solar energy going to offset?
A good solar installer should make it easy to understand how much of your household’s power consumption can be met by your solar system. Factors like weather, shade, roof size and household energy use will all affect how much power your panels will generate.
Information about how much of your household’s electricity will be offset by your system should be included in a reputable solar installer’s proposal for your project, and installers should be forthcoming about this information. “If that’s clearly laid out in a proposal, then nine times out of ten, that’s a green flag,” Hale said.
13. What are the lifetime savings based on?
Your discussions with solar installers should not only estimate how much you’ll save over the life of your system but also include how that estimate was derived.
Installers calculate lifetime savings using a metric called a utility escalator. This percentage describes the projected inflation rate of the cost of power and is based on historical trends (and is different from the escalators in a power purchase agreement). Solar United Neighbors recommends checking that the utility escalator used in competing proposals from different installers is the same to help you compare accurately.
14. Is the power generation estimate guaranteed?
It’s not possible to ensure that every panel in your solar system will always produce power at the maximum level, said Gold-Markel, but a good installer should be able to guarantee your panels’ performance within a reasonable range.
“If the overall power output is within a reasonable error rate of, say, 10% of what was predicted, then I think you should be happy with the outcome,” he says.
15. How do I sell solar energy credits back to the grid?
Net metering policies in some states allow you to sell power generated by your solar system back to the public grid — a significant solar incentive that can significantly reduce the payback period on your system. You don’t typically sell that power to your energy utility directly.
Instead, homeowners often sell solar renewable energy certificates, or SRECs, through a third party known as a broker or aggregator. Your installer may be able to connect you with a broker. If you’d prefer to choose your own broker, Solar United Neighbors recommends double-checking your contract to make sure that’s not prohibited in your agreement.
